MINIREVIEW Mitochondrial b-oxidation

Minireview: implication of mitochondria in insulin secretion and action.

Mitochondria are essential for intermediary metabolism as well as energy production in the cell. Their aerobic metabolism permits oxidation of glucose and fatty acids for the generation of ATP and other intermediates that are exchanged with the cytoplasm for various biosynthetic and secretory processes. In the pancreatic beta-cell, glucose carbons are quantitatively funneled to the mitochondria...

How Do Polypeptides Cross the Mitochondrial Membranes? Minireview

Nutrient Metabolism Rates of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal b-Oxidation of Palmitate Change during Postnatal Development and Food Deprivation in Liver, Kidney and Heart of Pigs

We measured total, mitochondrial and peroxisomal capacities for b-oxidation of [1-C]palmitate in homogenates of liver, kidney and heart from pigs within 0.5 h after birth (0 h, unfed) and at 24 h (suckled or unfed), 10 d (suckled or 24-h food-deprived), 21 d (suckled or 24-h food-deprived) and 5 mo (overnight food-deprived) of age. Assays were conducted in the absence (total b-oxidation) or pre...

Reversible oxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 in mouse heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.

Peroxiredoxins decompose peroxides through reversible oxidation of their active site cysteines. The redox state of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, 1, 2 and 3, was investigated in mouse hearts undergoing ischemia and reperfusion in a Langendorff system. The peroxiredoxins were predominantly reduced in control hearts. Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 underwent significant oxidation to its disulfide-linked...

Adverse effects of antimicrobials via predictable or idiosyncratic inhibition of host mitochondrial components.

This minireview explores mitochondria as a site for antibiotic-host interactions that lead to pathophysiologic responses manifested as nonantibacterial side effects. Mitochondrion-based side effects are possibly related to the notion that these organelles are archaic bacterial ancestors or commandeered remnants that have co-evolved in eukaryotic cells; thus, this minireview focuses on mitochond...